ECG findings
ECG findings
-
14 May 20191.11
Minnesota Code 1-1-1: major Q wave (Q/R ≥ 1/3, Q ≥ 0.03 s), sign of previous myocardial infarction.
-
14 May 20191.12
Minnesota Code 1-1-2: major Q wave of 0.04 s or more.
-
14 May 20191.21
Minnesota Code 1-2-1: moderate Q wave (Q/R ≥ 1/3, Q 0.02–0.03 s).
-
14 May 20191.22
Minnesota Code 1-2-2: moderate Q wave of 0.03–0.04 s.
-
14 May 20191.31
Minnesota Code 1-3-1: minor (equivocal) Q wave.
-
14 May 20191.41
Persistent supraventricular rhythm / tachycardia (MC 8-4-1).
-
14 May 20191.42
Intermittent (paroxysmal) supraventricular tachycardia (MC 8-4-2).
-
14 May 20192.1
Minnesota Code 2-1: QRS axis between −30° and −90°; causes (left anterior fascicular block, LVH, inferior MI) and when it matters.
-
14 May 20193.1
Minnesota Code 3-1: tall left-sided R waves (V5/V6 > 26 mm, limb leads > 20 mm, aVL > 12 mm) — the main ECG sign of left ventricular hypertrophy.
-
14 May 20193.1
Novacode 3.1: complete left bundle branch block — QRS ≥ 120 ms, broad notched R in I, aVL, V5–V6; causes, risks and why it needs evaluation.
-
14 May 20193.11
LBBB with signs of myocardial infarction: why LBBB masks infarction and how the Sgarbossa criteria help recognise it.
-
14 May 20193.2
Minnesota Code 3-2: dominant R wave in V1 (R ≥ 5 mm, R/S ≥ 1) suggesting right ventricular hypertrophy; other causes to exclude.
-
14 May 20193.21
Novacode 3.2: complete right bundle branch block — QRS ≥ 120 ms, rSR′ in V1–V2, wide S in I and V6; when it is benign and when it needs evaluation.
-
14 May 20193.3
Minnesota Code 3-3: borderline left R voltage (lead I R 15–20 mm or R V5/V6 + S V1 > 35 mm) — a grey-zone finding between normal and LVH.
-
14 May 20193.31
Novacode 3.3: non-specific intraventricular conduction delay — QRS > 110 ms without bundle branch block morphology; causes and prognosis.
-
14 May 20193.41
Minnesota Code 3-4: combined left and right high R waves suggesting biventricular hypertrophy, with right ventricular involvement.
-
14 May 20193.42
Minnesota Code 3-4 with left ventricular predominance and strain: high R voltage with ST depression and T inversion — a marker of advanced hypertrophy.
-
14 May 20194.11
Novacode 4: marked QT prolongation (QTc ≥ 500 ms) — risk of torsade de pointes, drug and electrolyte causes, congenital long QT.
-
14 May 20194.11
Minnesota Code 4-1-1: horizontal or down-sloping ST depression ≥ 2 mm — a major ECG sign of myocardial ischaemia.
-
14 May 20194.12
Novacode 4: borderline QT prolongation (QTc ≥ 450 ms men / ≥ 460 ms women, < 500 ms) — causes and medication safety.
-
14 May 20194.12
Minnesota Code 4-1-2: horizontal or down-sloping ST depression 1–2 mm — causes, ischaemia and next steps.
-
14 May 20194.2
Minnesota Code 4-2: mild horizontal or down-sloping ST depression 0.5–1 mm — when a small change matters.
-
14 May 20194.3
Minnesota Code 4-3: down-sloping ST without J depression, T nadir ≥ 0.5 mm below baseline — a minor repolarisation change.
-
14 May 20194.4
Minnesota Code 4-4: J-point depression ≥ 1 mm with up-sloping ST — usually less specific, but watch for the de Winter pattern.
-
14 May 20195.1
Minnesota Code 5-1: deep T-wave inversion ≥ 5 mm — ischaemia, Wellens pattern, cardiomyopathy and other causes; when to seek urgent care.
-
14 May 20195.1
Novacode 5.1: Q-wave myocardial infarction with major Q waves — how Novacode scores Q waves and what a prior infarction means.
-
14 May 20195.2
Minnesota Code 5-2: moderate T-wave inversion 1–5 mm — causes, normal variants and when it needs evaluation.
-
14 May 20195.2
Novacode 5.2: Q-wave myocardial infarction with moderate Q waves and ST-T changes — why the combination matters.
-
14 May 20195.3
Minnesota Code 5-3: flat, shallow negative or biphasic T wave — a minor repolarisation change and its common causes.
-
14 May 20195.3
Novacode 5.3: possible myocardial infarction with moderate Q waves and no major ST-T changes — other causes and confirmation.
-
14 May 20195.4
Minnesota Code 5-4: low positive T wave (T/R < 1/20) — the mildest T-wave item and what it may mean.
-
14 May 20195.4
Novacode 5.4: possible myocardial infarction with minor Q waves and ST-T changes — interpretation and next steps.
-
14 May 20195.5
Novacode 5.5: isolated major ST depression without Q waves or LVH — a marker of myocardial ischaemia.
-
14 May 20195.6
Novacode 5.6: isolated major T-wave inversion without Q waves or LVH — ischaemia, cardiomyopathy and other causes.
-
14 May 20195.7
Novacode 5.7: minor Q waves without ST-T changes — usually benign, when they matter.
-
14 May 20195.8
Novacode 5.8: minor ST-T abnormalities — common, often non-specific, linked to cardiovascular risk factors.
-
14 May 20196.3
Minnesota Code 6-3: PR interval ≥ 220 ms (first-degree AV block) — causes, long-term risks and when to worry.
-
14 May 20196.41
Minnesota Code 6-4-1: WPW pattern — short PR, delta wave, risks of tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, and ablation.
-
14 May 20196.5
Minnesota Code 6-5: short PR interval without delta wave — usually a normal variant; how it differs from WPW.
-
14 May 20196.6
Minnesota Code 6-6: intermittent aberrant AV conduction — wide supraventricular beats and how they are told apart from ventricular beats.
-
14 May 20197.11
Minnesota Code 7-1-1: complete left bundle branch block — criteria, why other codes are suppressed, causes and evaluation.
-
14 May 20197.21
Minnesota Code 7-2-1: complete right bundle branch block — criteria, related codes and when it matters.
-
14 May 20197.4
Minnesota Code 7-4: non-specific intraventricular block with QRS ≥ 120 ms — causes and prognosis.
-
14 May 20197.6
Minnesota Code 7-6: left anterior fascicular block — axis −45° to −90°, qR in aVL; causes and significance.
-
14 May 20197.7
Minnesota Code 7-7: left posterior fascicular block — right axis deviation after excluding other causes; significance.
-
14 May 20198.7
Minnesota Code 8-7: sinus tachycardia above 100/min — physiological and disease-related causes and when to seek care.
-
14 May 20198.8
Minnesota Code 8-8: sinus bradycardia below 50/min — often normal in athletes; medicines, sinus node disease and symptoms.
-
14 May 20199.1
Minnesota Code 9-1: low QRS voltage — pericardial effusion, lung disease, amyloidosis and other causes.
-
14 May 20199.2
Minnesota Code 9-2: ST-segment elevation — STEMI criteria, pericarditis, early repolarisation and other causes; emergency signs.
-
14 May 20199.5
Minnesota Code 9-5: tall T waves over 12 mm — hyperkalaemia, hyperacute infarction and benign variants.
50 articles in total.